Prediction of coding region and mutations in Human DNA by effective numerical coding and DSP technique

Abstract

Proper numerical conversion of DNA sequences into digital signals unbolts the possibility to employ digital signal processing tools for analyzing genomic data. In this paper, a given DNA sequence is converted into numerical representation based on two bit binary representation of nucleotide bases Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T). The four bases A, C, T and G in a DNA primary sequence groupedintopurine{A,G}/pyrimidine{C,T}, amino{A,C}/keto{G,T} and weak-H bond{A,T} /strong- H bond{C,G}.Digital signal processing tools can be applied to the generated numerical sequence to predict the exons or coding regions in a gene, un-translated regions as well as any substitution mutation in coding region. Two staged digital filter comprises of a bandpass filter which essentially extracts the period three components from the sequence and secondly a low pass filter to eliminate high frequency noise present in the output spectra due to long range correlation of nucleotide bases are used. The locations of exons and untranslated regions found in the experiment conform to the original one as obtained from GenBank database.